Longitudinal and transverse low frequency viscoelastic characterization of wood pulp fibers at different relative humidity

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers, Chapter 2

This chapter reviews applications of Raman spectroscopy in the field of wood and pulp fibers. Most of the literature examined was published between 1998 and 2006. In addi­ tion to introduction, this chapter contains sections on wood and components, mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, modified/treated wood, cellulose I crystallinity of wood fibers, and the “self-absorption” phenomenon in near-infrar...

Relative distributions of W's and Z's at low transverse momenta.

Despite large uncertainties in the W ± and Z 0 transverse momentum (q T) distributions for q T < ∼ 10 GeV, the ratio of the distributions varys little. The uncertainty in the ratio of W to Z q T distributions is on the order of a few percent, independent of the details of the nonperturbative parameterization.

Reflection and Transmission of Longitudinal Wave at Micropolar Viscoelastic Solid/Fluid Saturated Incompressible Porous Solid Interface

In this paper, the reflection and refraction of longitudinal wave from a plane surface separating a micropolar viscoelastic solid half space and a fluid saturated incompressible half space is studied. A longitudinal wave (P-wave) impinges obliquely at the interface. Amplitude ratios for various reflected and transmitted waves have been obtained. Then these amplitude ratios have been computed nu...

Low Frequency Acoustic Devices for Viscoelastic Complex Media Characterization

Viscoelastic Properties of Nafion at Elevated Temperature and Humidity

Tensile stress–strain and stress relaxation properties of 1100 equivalent weight Nafion have been measured from 23 to 120 C at 0–100% relative humidity. At room temperature, the elastic modulus of Nafion decreases with water activity. At 90 C, the elastic modulus goes through a maximum at a water activity of 0.3. At temperatures 90 C, hydrated membranes are stiffer than dry membranes. Stressrel...